what are the parts of brush cutter?

A reliable helper for lawn mowing and weeding, a brush cutter is an essential tool for landscaping, gardening, and agricultural work. These powerful and versatile machines are designed to cut through thick grass, stubborn weeds, dense bushes, and even small saplings.

Whether you're keeping your backyard tidy or clearing an overgrown field, understanding the parts of a lawn mower can help you operate your mower more efficiently and keep it running smoothly for years to come. As with all motorized equipment, proper use and regular maintenance are key to ensuring optimal performance. Adding a few accessories can also increase your mower's versatility and efficiency.

In this article, BISON will guide you through the key parts of a brush cutter and explain how each part contributes to its overall functionality. Whether you're a first-time user or a seasoned pro, this easy-to-understand overview will help you get the most out of your brush cutter.

What are the parts of brush cutter?

A brush cutter is made up of several parts that work together to cut thick vegetation and overgrown areas. While the exact parts may vary slightly by brand or model, most brush cutters share a common set of components. Understanding these basic components will help you choose the right mower for your needs, ensuring you get the best performance, ease of use, and long-lasting durability.

Power unit of brush cutter

The power unit is the heart of the brush cutter, providing the energy needed to drive the cutting blades or trimmer head. It plays a vital role in the overall efficiency, power, and performance of the machine. A brush cutter can be powered by either a gasoline engine or an electric motor, each of which has its own unique features. 

Gasoline engines: 2-stroke vs. 4-stroke

The engine is the power source of the gasoline brush cutter, responsible for generating the energy needed to spin the blades. Gasoline-powered brush cutters typically use a 2-stroke or 4-stroke engine.

2-stroke engines are lighter, smaller, more powerful, and have fewer moving parts. They use a mixture of gasoline and oil to lubricate the engine as it burns. These engines are often chosen for their powerful performance and ease of maintenance.

4-stroke engines use separate oil and gasoline, similar to car engines. While they are heavier, they are quieter, produce less smoke, and are more fuel-efficient—perfect for users who prefer low noise and emissions.

Electric and battery powered motors

Corded electric motors require a power source and provide steady power, but they limit mobility because they need to be plugged into an outlet.

Battery-powered motors offer the advantages of cordless operation and increased mobility. The performance of these motors depends on the battery voltage - the higher the voltage, the more intense the cutting. Some models allow the user to swap batteries for longer run time.

Fuel tank or battery - power source

Fuel tanks are in gas-powered brush cutters. These tanks store the gasoline or fuel mixture needed to run the engine. Larger tanks allow for longer running times before refueling is required.

Battery-powered models rely on rechargeable batteries for power. Battery life determines how long the brush cutter can run before it needs to be recharged. Some battery-powered models support swappable batteries, allowing for extended use.

Starter

To start the brush cutter, you need an ignition system. There are two main methods of starting the engine:

Pull cord (recoil start) is common in gas models. The user pulls the cord to start the engine. Some models have an "easy start" system to reduce the force required to start the engine.

Some high-end gasoline models and all electric or battery-powered types feature electric starting. It uses a button or switch to quickly and easily start the brush cutter.

Cutting mechanism

The cutting mechanism is the heart of the brush cutter and does the actual work of cutting vegetation. It consists of a cutting head that houses either a cutting line (cord) or a blade, depending on the job at hand. Whether you are mowing a lawn or clearing a thick bush, understanding the cutting head options and their functions is key to choosing a brush cutter that fits your needs.

Cutting head

The cutting head is the part of the brush cutter that comes in direct contact with plants and vegetation. It is attached to the lower end of the brush cutter shaft and rotates at high speeds to cut weeds, grass, brush, etc. The type of cutting head you use depends on the job you plan to do. Here are the main types:

• Impact feed head: This head uses a spool of cutting line. You tap the ground to release more line as needed. It is ideal for continuous mowing of lighter vegetation.

• Fixed line head: Instead of a spool, this head comes with pre-cut lengths of line. It is simple to use and is ideal for heavy-duty jobs where the line wears out quickly.

• Blade head: This head is fitted with a metal or plastic blade and is used to cut thicker vegetation, such as small bushes or even saplings. It is often used in professional and gasoline-powered brush cutters for tougher tasks.

Cutting line

Cutting line(also called trimming line) is used for light cutting operations, and different types of cutting line are suitable for different jobs, such as trimming grass and weeds. Trimming line comes in a variety of diameters, shapes, and materials, each suitable for specific tasks:

• Diameter: Thicker lines (such as 0.095 inches or larger) are stronger and ideal for heavy-duty cutting, while thinner lines are better for light grass trimming.

• Shape: Round line is durable and best for general trimming. Twisted or serrated lines can cut thick grass more effectively. Square or star-shaped lines are sharper and better for clearing weeds.

• Material: Standard nylon is suitable for most tasks, but reinforced lines (such as aluminum) are stronger and last longer.

For example, a round line is ideal for cutting reeds and brushes because it can withstand the impact of rocks and debris. On the other hand, double-layer titanium round line has excellent resistance to wear, breaking, and sticking, making it ideal for professional use.

Blades

To cut through tougher, denser vegetation, brush cutters use blades instead of cutting lines. Blades are better suited for more demanding tasks, such as clearing thick weeds or small trees. There are several types of blades, each designed for a specific job:

Metal blades

These blades are typically made of steel and come in a variety of configurations. Types of metal blades:

• Blades: These blades have a sharp cutting edge and are ideal for cutting through vegetation. They are often used for general cutting tasks.

• Chisel blades: These blades have teeth on the edge and are designed to cut through vegetation by chiseling. They work well on harder woody plants.

• Shredder blades: These blades do not have a sharp edge and rely on their weight and movement to break up vegetation. They are often used for dense brush cutters and are common in high-powered machines.

• Circular saw blades: These are heavy-duty blades designed to cut through small trees and heavy brushes. They are made of strong steel and are designed to handle very thick vegetation.

Plastic blades

Plastic blades are lighter and safer than metal blades and are ideal for cutting dense grass and light brush cutter. However, plastic blades wear out faster than metal blades and are better suited for lighter tasks.

Shaft

The shaft is the part that connects the engine to the cutting head, transmitting power to drive the cutting mechanism. It is a long tube where a drive cable or solid steel rod rotates inside to transmit engine power to the cutting head. There are two main types of shafts:

• Straight shaft: The most common type, especially used in heavy-duty brush cutters. It provides a greater reach, making it easier to mow under brush and along fences. A straight shaft also provides better torque, making it more effective in cutting dense vegetation.

• Bent shaft: This type has a slight bend near the base, making it lighter and easier to maneuver. It is better suited for small yards and lighter mowing tasks but lacks the strength and reach of a straight shaft.

Some brush cutters come with a split shaft, allowing the user to attach different accessories, such as a hedge trimmer or edger, enhancing the versatility of the tool.

Handlebar / Grip

The handlebar assembly is essential for controlling and maneuvering the brush cutter. It provides the user with a handle to guide the tool while cutting vegetation. There are two main types of handlebars:

• Bicycle-style handlebar: This handlebar has two wide grips, like a bicycle. It provides enhanced stability and control, ideal for heavy-duty work or long tasks in open spaces.

• Loop handle: A compact, round handle that provides better maneuverability, ideal for working in tight spaces or around obstacles. Loop handles are often used with shoulder straps to help evenly distribute weight and improve comfort during long periods of use.

Brush cutters also come with several important safety features and add-ons designed to make them safer and easier to use. Understanding these parts can help users operate the machine effectively while minimizing the risk of injury.

Shoulder strap / Back strap

Given that brush cutters can be heavy, especially when used for long periods of time, a shoulder strap or back strap can help distribute the weight evenly across the body, reducing stress on the arms and back. There are different types of back straps to choose from:

• Single shoulder strap: A basic back strap that provides minimal support and is ideal for lighter brush cutters.

• Double shoulder strap: Provides better balance and comfort, ideal for heavier models.

• Backpack strap: Provides the most comprehensive support and is typically used in professional or long-term use scenarios.

Guard

A guard or shield is a protective cover that goes around the cutting head to prevent debris from flying toward the operator. Made of plastic or metal, the guard keeps materials such as grass, small rocks, and wood chips away from the user. It also helps prevent the cutting line or blade from coming into contact with unwanted objects, which increases the safety and durability of the brush cutter.

Throttle

The throttle trigger is a lever or trigger located on the handlebar that controls the engine or motor speed. Pressing the throttle increases the speed of the brush cutter, while releasing the throttle decreases the machine speed. This feature allows the user to adjust the power to the cutting task, ensuring efficiency and precise control.

Safety switch/lock

Most brush cutters are equipped with a safety switch or lock to prevent accidental startup. This switch must be engaged before the throttle can be activated, making the tool safer during handling, transport or storage.

Extra components in gas brush cutters

Beyond their primary functions, gas-powered mowers come with extra components that help improve their performance, safety, and longevity. Understanding these parts will help the user maintain the equipment and ensure efficient operation.

Air filters

The air filter allows air to enter the engine while preventing dirt, dust, and debris from damaging internal components. Keeping the air filter clean is essential to keeping the engine running smoothly, improving fuel efficiency, and extending the life of the mower. Cleaning or replacing the filter regularly is necessary to achieve optimal performance.

Muffler

The muffler serves two main purposes: to reduce the noise produced by the engine and to direct the exhaust gases away from the operator. Some models come with a spark arrestor that prevents sparks from escaping the exhaust, reducing the risk of fire in dry environments. This component helps ensure that the tool is quieter and safer.

Spark plugs

Spark plugs are essential for providing the spark needed to ignite the fuel-air mixture in the engine. A properly functioning spark plug is key to smooth operation, as a faulty spark plug can cause the engine to misfire or fail to start.

Choke lever

The choke lever controls the air-fuel ratio during engine start. It helps the engine start easier, especially in cold conditions, by limiting the amount of air intake and enriching the fuel mixture. Once the engine is warmed up, adjust the choke to allow for normal air intake.

Throttle cable

The throttle cable connects the throttle trigger to the carburetor, enabling the user to regulate engine speed. By controlling the throttle, the user can adjust the power output to adapt the mower to a variety of cutting tasks.

Carburetor

The carburetor plays a vital role in mixing the right amount of fuel and air to ensure proper engine combustion. A well-functioning carburetor is essential for a smooth-running engine and fuel efficiency.

Conclusion

A brush cutter is an essential tool for dealing with overgrown areas and dense vegetation. It consists of several important parts, each of which contributes to its overall performance. The engine provides the necessary power, the cutting head or blade performs the cutting action, and components such as the handlebar assembly and throttle trigger ensure that the operator can use the machine efficiently.

At BISON, we pride ourselves on producing high-quality, professional-grade brush cutters that are powerful, efficient, and easy to use. Choosing a BISON brush cutter, you can count on its reliability and long-lasting performance. Whether you need a gas-driven, electric, or battery-powered model, BISON has a range of options to suit your gardening, landscaping, or agricultural tasks.

Explore our line of brush cutters today and find the perfect brush cutter for your needs!