Do's and don'ts of running generators

A generator provides reliable power during outages or when you need electricity on the go. With BISON's dependable machines, you can keep your home or job site powered.

However, safe operation is essential. In this article, BISON walks you through the key do's and don'ts of running generators, helping you get the best performance while protecting your property and keeping everyone safe.

By following these simple guidelines, you can prevent accidents, extend your generator's lifespan, and ensure it delivers dependable power whenever you need it most.

Before reviewing the do's and don'ts, make sure you've chosen a generator with enough capacity by performing a load calculation — totaling the wattage of every appliance and light you plan to run, converting that figure to amps, and then selecting a unit rated above that load. -> Generator calculator

Do’s of running generators

Using a generator safely and efficiently starts with following some key practices. Here are the essential "do's" to keep in mind:

Read the manufacturer’s manual

Always read the generator's manual carefully. It provides specific instructions for setup, operation, maintenance, and safety. Following these guidelines helps prevent damage and reduces the risk of accidents.

When in doubt, consult the manual, manufacturer, or supplier for the safest and most accurate information.

Place the generator outdoors properly

Generators produce carbon monoxide (CO), a deadly, odorless gas. According to CPSC data, at least 770 U.S. deaths from portable generator CO poisoning occurred between 2011 and 2021. The only reliable safeguards are strict outdoor-only placement and CO alarms.

Always place your generator outside on a flat, dry surface—industrial units should be sited on an outdoor concrete slab or in a purpose-engineered generator room. Position the unit at least 20 feet from any doors, windows, or vents, with an additional 3–5 feet of clearance around the unit itself. Never use a generator in enclosed areas such as garages, basements, or sheds—even with ventilation.

Install battery-operated CO alarms on every level of your home or workplace and outside sleeping areas. Test the alarms regularly and replace batteries as needed. When shopping for a new generator, look for models with built-in CO shutoff technology or concentration sensors, which can automatically cut the engine before dangerous levels build up.

Practice safe fueling

Only refuel when the generator is off and fully cooled down—portable generator exhaust can reach extremely high temperatures, and fuel can ignite on contact with hot engine parts. Always leave headspace in the tank and store fuel in approved containers away from heat, sparks, or flames. Wipe up any spills immediately.

Fuel storage requirements:

• Gasoline: store in proper containers; use additives to extend shelf life.

• Diesel: lasts about a year when stored in an approved container inside a temperature-controlled, well-ventilated area.

• Propane: can last indefinitely if stored correctly.

Keep a fire extinguisher rated for electrical and fuel fires nearby, and maintain adequate clearance from all combustible materials during operation — consult your manual for specific distances.

Make correct electrical connections

Use heavy-duty, outdoor-rated extension cords with the correct power rating. Most portable generators require a heavy-duty outdoor-rated extension cord — typically 12-gauge or heavier — with GFCI protection. Ensure cords are intact, have all prongs, and are free of damage. When daisy-chaining extension cords of different gauges, the total current capacity is limited to the lower-rated cord.

Never connect a generator directly to a wall outlet. Hardwired appliances such as a furnace, central air conditioner, or well pump require a transfer switch. Have a licensed electrician install a transfer switch to safely connect the generator to your home's electrical system. When energizing circuits, wait 5–10 seconds between each circuit activation, because motors demand a wattage surge at start-up that can overload the generator if multiple circuits switch on simultaneously.

Always use one hand at a time to avoid completing a circuit across your chest, and wear rubber-soled shoes to reduce electrocution risk.

Ensure safety around children, pets, and others

Always keep children and pets away from the generator. Use barriers or signage if necessary. Teach anyone who might be near the generator about safe operation, warning signs, and emergency procedures.

Follow local noise regulations

Many areas regulate generator noise levels. Place generators in locations that minimize noise and comply with local rules. Commercial diesel generators can produce decibel levels sufficient to cause permanent hearing damage.

If you work near a generator for long periods, hearing protection such as earmuffs is strongly recommended and may be required under local workplace regulations. A sound-attenuated enclosure is also strongly recommended where feasible.

Don’ts of running generators

Knowing what not to do when operating a generator is just as important as following the do’s. Ignoring these rules can lead to accidents, injuries, or serious damage.

Don’t overload circuits

Plugging in more appliances than your generator can handle may cause overheating, equipment damage, or fire. Always check the generator's rated capacity and balance the electrical load accordingly.

Small generators are typically limited to a few low-wattage essentials. A medium generator (up to 3,500 watts) can handle a refrigerator, laptop, lights, charger, and security system, but may only support one space heater at a time. Larger standby generators (typically 10,000–20,000 watts or more) can power an entire home. Some motors draw up to 3× their rated wattage at startup — a peak demand known as starting wattage — so the generator's output capacity must exceed the calculated sum of all connected loads.

Before plugging anything in, list your appliances, add up their wattages, and factor in startup surges. If unsure, a licensed electrician can help assess your load and advise on the right setup.

Use only the generator's provided outlets. Avoid splitters or multiple cords that can overload the system, cause short circuits, or create fire hazards. If you need to connect the generator to your circuit panel, use a transfer switch and proper cords rated for the generator's output.

Don’t backfeed your home electrical panel

Never connect a generator directly to home wiring without a transfer switch. Backfeeding is extremely dangerous—it can cause electrocution, fires, and endanger utility workers.

Backfeeding happens when generator power flows back into the electrical grid, creating risks for workers and neighbors and potentially damaging your generator when power is restored.

To prevent this:

• Always use a transfer or changeover switch installed by a licensed electrician.

• Always choose three-pronged cords rated for the correct amperage.

• For any home wiring connection, call a qualified electrician.

Don’t ignore warning signs

Stop using the generator if you notice strange noises, smoke, odd smells, or frequent circuit breaker trips. These are signs of potential problems that could lead to breakdowns, fires, or accidents. Have the generator inspected or repaired immediately.

Don’t skip maintenance

Generators need periodic maintenance even if used only for emergencies. Regular tasks include:

• Checking and topping up fluid levels

• Inspecting and replacing air filters

• Cleaning or replacing spark plugs

• Checking connections and inspecting for leaks

• Changing oil and filters on schedule

• Running the generator for a minimum of 30 minutes during every routine inspection

• Following the manufacturer's maintenance schedule

A well-maintained generator operates safely, efficiently, and lasts longer.

Don’t operate in wet conditions

Never run a generator in rain, snow, or wet environments, and avoid touching it with wet hands or while standing in pooled water—both create serious electrocution risk. Water seeping into the electrical panel can cause short circuits and energize the generator's metal frame, creating a serious electrocution hazard.

If you must use a generator during bad weather, keep it dry under a canopy cover or purpose-built generator tent designed for outdoor use with proper ventilation. Always place the generator on a dry, elevated surface away from standing water—raising it off the ground is especially critical during flooding—and use ground fault circuit breakers for added safety.

Don’t forget insurance coverage

Generators can be costly investments, so check whether your home insurance policy covers them. Many policies include coverage for home appliances or equipment, but details vary. Contact your insurance provider to confirm coverage and understand policy terms before you need it.

Don’t run the generator continuously

While some generators can operate for 8–12 hours or longer, they are not meant to run nonstop for days or weeks. Continuous operation can lead to overheating, excessive wear, and shorter equipment lifespan. Follow the manufacturer's recommendations for runtime and give the generator breaks for cooling and maintenance.

Conclusion

Generators are essential for providing reliable backup power at home, on construction sites, and during outdoor activities. Understanding the do's and don'ts of running generators ensures safe, efficient, and long-lasting operation.

Always place your generator outdoors in a well-ventilated area to prevent carbon monoxide buildup. Perform regular maintenance—such as checking oil levels, cleaning filters, and inspecting components—to keep it running smoothly. Avoid overloading circuits, use proper electrical connections, and follow all safety guidelines to protect both your equipment and those around you.

As a professional generator manufacturer in China, BISON is dedicated to delivering high-quality, dependable generators and promoting safe usage practices. By following these recommendations, you can count on your BISON generator to provide power safely and efficiently whenever you need it most.

Frequently asked questions

Where should I place a generator for safe operation?

Position your portable generator at least 20 feet from any door, window, or vent, with the exhaust directed away from the structure. Never run a generator inside a garage, shed, or enclosed porch—even with the door open. Carbon monoxide accumulates rapidly in confined spaces and can reach lethal levels within minutes.

Is there a standard rule for safe generator operation distances or exhaust limits?

The "20/20/20 rule" is not a formally standardized safety code. If you encounter this phrase, verify what the source intends, as definitions vary. What is universally agreed upon by safety authorities: keep the generator at least 20 feet from living spaces, install CO detectors in your home, and never operate a generator indoors or in partially enclosed areas.